Actors

Companies, countries and labs — who is how far, and how fast. Each races its own milestones.

Energy gain Q

Companies & labs

NIF / LLNL inertial confinement Q 2.4
JET (UKAEA) tokamak, 1997 record Q 0.7
EAST (ASIPP) tokamak Q 0.3
KSTAR tokamak Q 0.2

Private investment

Countries & blocs

TAE Technologies private $1.2B
Helion Energy private $1B
Zap Energy private $0.33B
Tokamak Energy private $0.25B