Frontier AI
Evergreen explainer · neutral data, no opinion

Largest training compute

Current verified value
1×10²⁶
frontier labs · largest known model, Epoch AI
Database · 2025 Human-verified

What it measures

The raw compute (floating-point operations) used to train the largest known model — the clearest single number behind AI's scaling, tracked by Epoch AI. It has grown ~4–5× per year; GPT-4 (2023) was the first at 1e25 FLOP, and frontier models passed 1e26 FLOP in 2025.

Glossary →

History

1×10²⁷2.5×10²⁴6.2×10²¹1.5×10¹⁹3.8×10¹⁶2017202020232025

By actor

Google DeepMindGemini Ultra (Epoch est.)5×10²⁵
Meta AILlama 3.1 405B (2024)3.8×10²⁵
OpenAIGPT-4 (2023)2.1×10²⁵
DeepSeekDeepSeek-V3, efficient (2024)3.4×10²⁴

Goal / baseline

now1×10²⁶

no fixed goal — scaling indicator

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